In-depth guides explaining the theory, equations, and standards behind pipeline and gas processing calculations.
Pressure design, stress analysis, and hydraulic calculations for pipeline systems
Circumferential stress calculations per ASME B31.8 for pipeline pressure design.
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure per DOT CFR 192 and ASME B31.8.
Pressure drop, flow equations, and hydraulic gradient calculations.
Pipe diameter selection based on velocity, pressure drop, and erosion limits.
Beam bending and combined stress analysis for buried and aboveground pipelines.
Soil loads, traffic loads, and buoyancy effects on buried pipelines.
Flexibility analysis, allowable stress criteria, pipe supports, and nozzle loads per ASME B31.3.
Specified Minimum Yield Strength calculations for pipeline design per B31.8.
ANSI flange pressure-temperature ratings and material class selection.
Buoyancy control weights and anchoring for submerged pipelines.
Pipeline pig velocity calculations and speed control considerations.
Live pipeline connections and hot tap flow calculations.
Cross-sectional area calculations for various pipe schedules.
Pipeline volume and capacity calculations for hydrotesting and purging.
Pipe weight per foot calculations for various schedules and materials.
Pipeline buoyancy and negative buoyancy weight calculations.
Live pipeline welding procedures and safety requirements.
Liquid pipeline diameter selection for velocity and pressure drop.
Dehydration, treating, separation, and NGL recovery fundamentals
TEG and DEG dehydration system design and dewpoint depression calculations.
MDEA, DEA, and MEA gas sweetening system design and capacity calculations.
Two-phase and three-phase separator design using API 12J guidelines.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium, K-values, and Rachford-Rice solution methods.
Cryogenic and refrigeration-based NGL recovery process optimization.
Adsorption bed sizing, regeneration cycles, and capacity calculations.
Sulfur recovery unit design, reaction chemistry, and efficiency calculations.
Gas membrane permeation rates and CO2 removal system design.
Absorption tower design and NGL recovery efficiency calculations.
Stabilizer column design and RVP control for liquid hydrocarbons.
Deethanizer, depropanizer, and debutanizer column sizing.
Activated carbon bed design for mercury removal from natural gas.
Dehydration methods, desiccant selection, and moisture specification.
Air drying and nitrogen purging procedures for pipeline commissioning.
Distillation tray design, weeping, flooding, and efficiency calculations.
Graphical distillation design method and theoretical stage calculations.
Cyclone sizing, cut diameter, and collection efficiency calculations.
Mist extractors, vane packs, and coalescing element design.
Subcooled process design and liquid recovery optimization.
Triethylene glycol concentration and dewpoint depression calculations.
Gas losses in glycol dehydration systems and flash tank design.
Silica gel bed sizing and regeneration cycle design.
Cryogenic nitrogen rejection unit design and efficiency.
Random and structured packing selection and HETP calculations.
Coalescing filter separator sizing and element selection.
Produced water disposal well capacity and injection design.
Drip pot blowing calculations and liquid removal procedures.
Compressor and pump sizing, efficiency, and performance calculations
Centrifugal and reciprocating compressor selection and performance.
Power requirements for gas compression using polytropic efficiency.
Centrifugal pump head, NPSH, and power calculations.
Isentropic efficiency and power recovery in cryogenic plants.
Joule-Thomson cooling and isenthalpic expansion calculations.
Propane and mixed refrigerant system design and COP calculations.
Centrifugal vs reciprocating compressor selection criteria and trade-offs.
Preliminary reciprocating compressor sizing using industry-standard methodology.
Reciprocating compressor capacity control methods and power optimization.
Step control, clearance pockets, and variable volume methods.
Turboexpander power recovery and isentropic efficiency calculations.
Steam and gas ejector sizing, entrainment ratios, and vacuum system design.
Horsepower to torque conversion and rotating equipment power calculations.
Gas property calculations for compressor performance analysis.
Compressor head-flow curves, surge lines, and operating point analysis.
Centrifugal compressor surge control and stonewall limitations.
Reciprocating compressor thermodynamics and cycle analysis.
Reciprocating compressor mechanical design and component selection.
Reciprocating compressor efficiency and performance optimization.
Reciprocating compressor sizing calculations and design parameters.
Reciprocating compressor pulsation dampeners, bottle sizing, and acoustic analysis per API 618.
Foundation design, vibration isolation, and dynamic analysis.
Polytropic and isentropic efficiency calculations for compression.
Pressure relief, flare systems, and consequence analysis per API standards
PSV sizing per API 520/521 for gas, liquid, and two-phase relief.
Fire case relief loads per API 521 Annex A wetted area method.
Thermal radiation and safe spacing calculations for flare systems.
Depressurization time and rate calculations for emergency blowdown.
Gas dispersion, jet fire, and explosion consequence analysis.
Hazard and operability study methodology and deviation analysis.
Layer of Protection Analysis and SIL determination per IEC 61511.
Emergency depressurization design and API 521 requirements.
Flare header hydraulics and backpressure calculations.
Pressure safety valve manifold and header sizing.
Orifice flow equations and leak rate calculations for consequence analysis.
API 2000 tank breathing and emergency venting calculations.
Runaway reaction relief sizing per DIERS methodology.
Vessel depressurization time calculations per API 521.
Pressure vessel sizing and ASME code design.
Gas laws, phase behavior, and fluid property correlations
PV=nRT applications and real gas deviation using compressibility factors.
Density calculations at operating conditions using equations of state.
Antoine equation and vapor pressure correlations for hydrocarbons.
Gas hydrate formation temperature and inhibitor requirements.
Saturated water content in natural gas using McKetta-Wehe charts.
Cricondenbar, cricondentherm, and retrograde condensation behavior.
Gas hydrate formation temperature predictions and curves.
Methanol and glycol injection rate calculations for hydrate prevention.
API gravity conversions and specific gravity relationships.
Elevation corrections and barometric pressure calculations.
Mean pressure calculations for pipeline flow analysis.
Pressure base factor corrections for flow measurement.
Decline curve analysis and production forecasting.
Heat exchanger design, thermal calculations, and temperature effects
Shell and tube exchanger sizing, LMTD, and fouling factors.
Overall U-values and film coefficients for process heat transfer.
Pipeline heat loss and temperature profile calculations.
Pipeline expansion loops and anchor forces due to temperature changes.
Tank and pipe heating calculations using industry-standard methodology.
Orifice meters, flow calculations, and measurement accuracy
Orifice plate sizing per AGA Report No. 3 and ISO 5167.
Design principles for low pressure loss flow measurement per ISO 5167-4.
Actual and standard velocity calculations for gas flow systems.
Cv calculation per ISA/IEC 60534 for gas and liquid service.
Restriction orifice sizing for liquid drains and blowdown.
Custody transfer measurement for NGL products per Enterprise Products methodology.
Resistance coefficients and equivalent lengths for pipe fittings.
Propane-air mixing ratios and BTU value adjustments.
Two-phase flow correlations, liquid holdup, and wellbore hydraulics
Multiphase flow regimes, liquid holdup, and pressure drop calculations.
Vertical multiphase flow correlation for well tubing.
Horizontal two-phase flow and pressure gradient calculations.
Condensate well vertical flow pressure drop calculations.
Area classification, emissions calculations, equipment spacing, and regulatory compliance
Equipment spacing, setback distances, and plot plan design per DOT CFR 192.
Emergency shutdown valve placement, logic design, and fail-safe requirements.
Class I Division 1/2 hazardous area classification per API RP 500/505.
Pig launcher and receiver sizing, barrel dimensions, and pigging operations.
Valve selection, branch connections, and piping layout per ASME B31.8 and B31.3.
Emission calculations, PTE thresholds, and permit requirements for gas facilities.
Go/No-Go audit tool for station spacing, ESD, noise, and safety compliance.
Engineering unit conversions and common calculation fundamentals
SI to imperial unit conversions for engineering calculations.
Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin, and Rankine temperature conversions.
BTU, kWh, and joule conversions for energy calculations.
Natural gas volume to energy content conversions.
Hydrogen sulfide concentration unit conversions (ppm, grains, mg/m3).
Process efficiency analysis and optimization techniques.
Natural gas flow rate and volume unit conversions.
Engineering interpolation methods for table lookups.
Data extrapolation methods beyond measured ranges.
Process efficiency calculations and benchmarking.
Welding, coatings, bolting, and construction calculations
ASME B16.5 flange bolting, torque, and gasket seating requirements.
Electrode consumption and welding material requirements.
Pipeline tape coating material and application calculations.
Piping material selection for corrosive and sour service.
Blind flange (skillet) thickness calculations per ASME.
Foundation and equipment pad concrete volume calculations.
Nitrogen pressure testing procedures and volume calculations.
Material tensile strength and allowable stress calculations.
Corrosion rate calculations and remaining life assessment.
Tank volume calculations, storage design, and liquid handling
Project economics, investment analysis, and operating cost calculations
Net present value calculations and discount rate analysis.
Internal rate of return and payback period calculations.
Fuel cost comparison for compressor driver selection.
Mercaptan injection rates and odorant concentration calculations.
Odorizer calibration and flow rate settings.
Simple and discounted payback period calculations.
Facility operating cost estimation and benchmarking.
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