In-depth guides explaining the theory, equations, and standards behind pipeline and gas processing calculations.
Pressure design, stress analysis, and hydraulic calculations for pipeline systems
Circumferential stress calculations per ASME B31.8 for pipeline pressure design.
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure per DOT CFR 192 and ASME B31.8.
Pressure drop, flow equations, and hydraulic gradient calculations.
Pipe diameter selection based on velocity, pressure drop, and erosion limits.
Beam bending and combined stress analysis for buried and aboveground pipelines.
Soil loads, traffic loads, and buoyancy effects on buried pipelines.
Flexibility analysis, allowable stress criteria, pipe supports, and nozzle loads per ASME B31.3.
Specified Minimum Yield Strength calculations for pipeline design per B31.8.
ANSI flange pressure-temperature ratings and material class selection.
Buoyancy control weights and anchoring for submerged pipelines.
Pipeline pig velocity calculations and speed control considerations.
Live pipeline connections and hot tap flow calculations.
Cross-sectional area calculations for various pipe schedules.
Pipeline volume and capacity calculations for hydrotesting and purging.
Pipe weight per foot calculations for various schedules and materials.
Pipeline buoyancy and negative buoyancy weight calculations.
Live pipeline welding procedures and safety requirements.
Liquid pipeline diameter selection for velocity and pressure drop.
Finger-type and vessel-type slug catcher sizing for terrain, pigging, and ramp-up slugs.
ASME B31G corrosion assessment methodology, Folias factor, RSTRENG, and pipeline integrity management
B31 pipe wall thickness fundamentals: ASME B31.3 process piping, B31.4 liquid transportation, B31.8 gas transmission ...
Expansion loop fundamentals for pipeline and process engineers.
HDD pullback force fundamentals for pipeline engineers.
Pipe support span design fundamentals: weight calculations, beam formulas, deflection limits (L/240), stress limits p...
Pipeline crossing fundamentals for pipeline and civil engineers.
Pipeline longitudinal stress fundamentals for gas transmission and liquid pipeline engineers.
Sand and erosional velocity fundamentals for pipeline engineers.
Pipeline seismic design fundamentals for engineers.
Spring hanger fundamentals for piping and mechanical engineers.
Joukowski equation, wave speed, surge pressure analysis, and transient protection strategies.
Colebrook-White equation, Swamee-Jain approximation, Churchill formula, and Moody chart interpretation.
HGL profiling, slack flow detection, elevation effects, and liquid pipeline pressure analysis.
Multi-diameter pipeline optimization, transition losses, and cost-effective pipe sizing strategies.
Steel grade optimization along pressure profile per ASME B31.4 and B31.8 for weight and cost savings.
Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams equations for liquid pipeline pressure drop and flow capacity.
Hydraulic gradient analysis, station placement, NPSH requirements, and economic optimization.
Midpoint injection and stripping effects on downstream flow, mixing, and pipeline hydraulics.
Surge tank, accumulator, and relief valve sizing for transient pressure protection.
ASTM D341 viscosity-temperature, API gravity, bulk modulus, and vapor pressure correlations.
49 CFR 192 class locations (1-4), design factors (0.72 to 0.40), and hydrostatic test requirements.
Pipeline gas storage volume calculations, worked examples, and operational applications for peak shaving.
Dehydration, treating, separation, and NGL recovery fundamentals
TEG and DEG dehydration system design and dewpoint depression calculations.
MDEA, DEA, and MEA gas sweetening system design and capacity calculations.
Two-phase and three-phase separator design using API 12J guidelines.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium, K-values, and Rachford-Rice solution methods.
Cryogenic and refrigeration-based NGL recovery process optimization.
Adsorption bed sizing, regeneration cycles, and capacity calculations.
Sulfur recovery unit design, reaction chemistry, and efficiency calculations.
Gas membrane permeation rates and CO2 removal system design.
Absorption tower design and NGL recovery efficiency calculations.
Stabilizer column design and RVP control for liquid hydrocarbons.
Deethanizer, depropanizer, and debutanizer column sizing.
Activated carbon bed design for mercury removal from natural gas.
Dehydration methods, desiccant selection, and moisture specification.
Air drying and nitrogen purging procedures for pipeline commissioning.
Distillation tray design, weeping, flooding, and efficiency calculations.
Graphical distillation design method and theoretical stage calculations.
Cyclone sizing, cut diameter, and collection efficiency calculations.
Mist extractors, vane packs, and coalescing element design.
Subcooled process design and liquid recovery optimization.
Triethylene glycol concentration and dewpoint depression calculations.
Gas losses in glycol dehydration systems and flash tank design.
Silica gel bed sizing and regeneration cycle design.
Cryogenic nitrogen rejection unit design and efficiency.
Random and structured packing selection and HETP calculations.
Coalescing filter separator sizing and element selection.
Produced water disposal well capacity and injection design.
Drip pot blowing calculations and liquid removal procedures.
Raoult's Law, K-values, and Kremser-Brown equation for absorber and stripper design.
Adsorption principles, mass transfer zone, breakthrough analysis, and carbon types.
Corrosion mechanisms, material selection, HSS limits, and monitoring per API 945/NACE MR0175.
Mechanical filter and activated carbon bed design for amine solution purification.
Foam causes, detection methods, antifoam selection, and prevention strategies.
Inlet scrubber sizing and mist eliminator selection for amine contactor protection.
Cold solvent absorption process for nitrogen rejection from natural gas.
Single and double column cryogenic distillation for nitrogen rejection.
Combined glycol injection and propane refrigeration for simultaneous dew point control.
Phase behavior, liquid-liquid equilibria, and solubility parameters for gas processing.
BTEX reduction and presaturator design for glycol dehydration environmental compliance.
Physical solvent for bulk CO₂ removal with flash-only regeneration.
Pressure swing adsorption cycle design with carbon molecular sieve for N₂ removal.
Chilled methanol physical solvent for deep acid gas removal in syngas applications.
Hydrogenation reactor, quench, and amine absorber design for Claus tail gas treating.
DMPEG physical solvent for selective H₂S and bulk CO₂ removal from natural gas.
Hybrid sulfolane/amine solvent for COS, CS₂, and mercaptan removal from sour gas.
Reaction furnace design, converter bed staging, and tail gas quality for sulfur recovery.
Air cooler design fundamentals: ACHE sizing methodology per API 661, LMTD for crossflow, fin-fan selection, bay geome...
API 650 tank design fundamentals covering shell thickness methods, material selection, wind and seismic design, and c...
Cooling tower design fundamentals: Merkel equation, tower types (counterflow, crossflow), water treatment, thermal de...
Cyclosep separator fundamentals: cyclonic inline separation technology, centrifugal force separation principles, comp...
Comprehensive guide to electric motor sizing for pipeline and process applications.
Flange leakage fundamentals: ASME PCC-1 bolt torque procedures, gasket seating stress, pressure-temperature ratings p...
Fuel gas filter fundamentals: coalescing filter design, particulate removal, moisture separation, filter element type...
Gas turbine fundamentals for midstream operations: Brayton cycle, aeroderivative vs industrial frame, altitude and te...
Separator internals design fundamentals: inlet devices, vane packs, mist eliminators, coalescing elements, and intern...
Scrubber sizing fundamentals: Souders-Brown K factor method, inlet scrubber design per API 12J, compressor suction sc...
Horizontal vs vertical separator comparison: selection criteria, capacity differences, cost factors, installation con...
Separator type selection guide: choose between two-phase, three-phase, scrubbers, filter separators, slug catchers, a...
Tank blanketing fundamentals: nitrogen padding gas systems, conservation vents per API 2000, breathing losses, flash ...
Tank settlement and foundation evaluation fundamentals per API 653 and API 650 Appendix B.
Three-phase separator fundamentals: oil-water-gas separation, weir design, interface level control, retention time si...
Control valve noise fundamentals: IEC 60534-8-3 aerodynamic noise prediction, pipe wall transmission loss, A-weightin...
Boil-off gas (BOG) fundamentals for LNG and NGL cryogenic storage: heat ingress mechanisms, flash BOG, displacement B...
Dehydration utility systems fundamentals: reboiler fuel gas, glycol pump sizing, reflux condenser design, stripping g...
Gas dewatering fundamentals for process engineers.
Gas quality specification fundamentals: pipeline tariff requirements, heating value, H2S and CO2 limits, water dewpoi...
Pinch analysis fundamentals for process and energy engineers.
Vapor recovery fundamentals for upstream oil and gas: flash gas generation, VRU compressor types, EPA NSPS OOOO/OOOOa...
Wobbe Index fundamentals for gas interchangeability assessment.
Compressor and pump sizing, efficiency, and performance calculations
Centrifugal and reciprocating compressor selection and performance.
Power requirements for gas compression using polytropic efficiency.
Centrifugal pump head, NPSH, and power calculations.
Isentropic efficiency and power recovery in cryogenic plants.
Joule-Thomson cooling and isenthalpic expansion calculations.
Propane and mixed refrigerant system design and COP calculations.
Centrifugal vs reciprocating compressor selection criteria and trade-offs.
Preliminary reciprocating compressor sizing using industry-standard methodology.
Reciprocating compressor capacity control methods and power optimization.
Step control, clearance pockets, and variable volume methods.
Turboexpander power recovery and isentropic efficiency calculations.
Steam and gas ejector sizing, entrainment ratios, and vacuum system design.
Horsepower to torque conversion and rotating equipment power calculations.
Gas property calculations for compressor performance analysis.
Compressor head-flow curves, surge lines, and operating point analysis.
Centrifugal compressor surge control and stonewall limitations.
Reciprocating compressor thermodynamics and cycle analysis.
Reciprocating compressor mechanical design and component selection.
Reciprocating compressor efficiency and performance optimization.
Reciprocating compressor sizing calculations and design parameters.
Reciprocating compressor pulsation dampeners, bottle sizing, and acoustic analysis per API 618.
Foundation design, vibration isolation, and dynamic analysis.
Polytropic and isentropic efficiency calculations for compression.
Vapor recovery compression for condensate stabilizer overhead systems.
Centrifugal compressor discharge temperature prediction: polytropic vs isentropic methods, material and seal temperat...
Centrifugal compressor efficiency: polytropic vs isentropic methods, Schultz correction, efficiency curves, and typic...
Centrifugal compressor performance map fundamentals: speed lines, surge line, stonewall, fan laws, and operating enve...
Polytropic head calculation fundamentals: Schultz method, gas property effects, multi-stage analysis, and ASME PTC-10...
Centrifugal compressor surge margin fundamentals: surge phenomena, anti-surge control systems, recycle valve sizing, ...
Centrifugal compressor tuyere nozzle design fundamentals: inlet guide vanes, flow coefficients, nozzle loss modeling,...
Compressor flow unit conversions: ACFM, SCFM, MMSCFD, ICFM relationships, standard conditions, and actual vs standard...
Compressor fuel gas fundamentals: driver fuel consumption for gas engines and turbines, heat rate calculations, altit...
Anchor bolt design for compressor foundations: tension and shear load analysis, embedment depth, bolt patterns, and c...
Block foundation sizing for compressors per ACI 351.3R: mass ratio rules, center of gravity analysis, eccentricity li...
Foundation depth determination for compressors: frost depth, bearing stratum identification, soil investigation requi...
Foundation grout volume fundamentals: epoxy vs cementitious grout selection, pour planning, temperature limits, and v...
Foundation mass ratio fundamentals: ACI 351.3R guidelines, dynamic amplification factors, and concrete-to-machine wei...
Foundation natural frequency fundamentals: soil spring calculations, resonance avoidance, 6-DOF frequency analysis, a...
Soil bearing capacity for compressor foundations: allowable bearing pressure, settlement analysis, Terzaghi bearing c...
Foundation vibration amplitude analysis: dynamic response, ISO 10816 limits, API 684 criteria, transmissibility, and ...
Pulsation dampener bottle sizing: acoustic filter design, API 618 approach levels, volume-choke-volume sizing, and ac...
Compression ratio fundamentals: single-stage vs multi-stage design, equal ratio rule, temperature limits, interstage ...
Reciprocating compressor sizing methodology: cylinder selection, bore and stroke, clearance pockets, valve losses, ca...
Reciprocating compressor discharge temperature fundamentals: adiabatic process, k-value effects, intercooling require...
HP per MMSCFD estimation for reciprocating compressors: rules of thumb, compression ratio effects, gas property impac...
Pulsation analysis for reciprocating compressors: acoustic frequency calculation, API 618 approach levels 1-3, piping...
PV diagram fundamentals for reciprocating compressors: theoretical vs actual indicator cards, valve losses, clearance...
Rod load analysis for reciprocating compressors: gas loads, inertia forces, combined rod load diagrams, API 618 limit...
Volumetric efficiency for reciprocating compressors: clearance re-expansion, valve losses, ring leakage, capacity con...
Screw compressor fundamentals: oil-flooded vs dry design, API 619 requirements, rotor profiles, discharge temperature...
Vibration analysis fundamentals for rotating equipment: ISO 10816 severity zones, API 617/618 compliance, bearing def...
Stoichiometric ratios, excess air calculations, and combustion efficiency for natural gas engines.
Fan laws, performance curve corrections, and flow prediction methods for compressor operations.
Air-fuel ratio, equivalence ratio, lambda, and excess air calculations for natural gas engines.
Demand analysis, compressor selection, receiver sizing, and distribution piping per ASME and NFPA standards.
Rod load analysis per API 618: gas loads, inertia forces, rod reversal, and frame ratings.
Noise generation, propagation, and mitigation at natural gas compressor stations for regulatory compliance.
Engine horsepower derating for emissions compliance, altitude correction, and temperature effects.
EGT monitoring, prediction, and analysis for natural gas compressor engines and power generation units.
Dynamic Insertion Loss, octave-band analysis, ISO 9613-1 absorption, and stack directivity for noise control.
Pressure relief, flare systems, and consequence analysis per API standards
PSV sizing per API 520/521 for gas, liquid, and two-phase relief.
Fire case relief loads per API 521 Annex A wetted area method.
Thermal radiation and safe spacing calculations for flare systems.
Depressurization time and rate calculations for emergency blowdown.
Gas dispersion, jet fire, and explosion consequence analysis.
Hazard and operability study methodology and deviation analysis.
Layer of Protection Analysis and SIL determination per IEC 61511.
Emergency depressurization design and API 521 requirements.
Flare header hydraulics and backpressure calculations.
Pressure safety valve manifold and header sizing.
Orifice flow equations and leak rate calculations for consequence analysis.
API 2000 tank breathing and emergency venting calculations.
Runaway reaction relief sizing per DIERS methodology.
Vessel depressurization time calculations per API 521.
Pressure vessel sizing and ASME code design.
LEL/UEL theory, Le Chatelier mixing rule, and combustion stoichiometry fundamentals.
BLEVE fireball fundamentals for process safety engineers.
Emergency shutdown valve fundamentals for safety and instrumentation engineers.
Fire water demand fundamentals: NFPA 15 water spray design, deluge system sizing, wetted area calculations, fire pump...
Fugitive emissions fundamentals for environmental and operations engineers.
GHG emissions fundamentals for midstream oil and gas: EPA Subpart W reporting, emission factors, calculation methodol...
Jet fire radiation fundamentals for process safety engineers.
Pneumatic device emissions fundamentals for oil and gas: EPA NSPS OOOOa/OOOOb requirements, device classifications, e...
Pool fire modeling fundamentals for process safety and pipeline engineers.
PSV inlet pressure loss fundamentals: API 520 Part II 3% rule, chatter mechanism, Darcy-Weisbach pressure drop, Crane...
SIL verification fundamentals for safety and instrumentation engineers.
Atmospheric dispersion modeling fundamentals: Gaussian plume model, Pasquill-Gifford stability classes, Briggs plume ...
Gas laws, phase behavior, and fluid property correlations
PV=nRT applications and real gas deviation using compressibility factors.
Density calculations at operating conditions using equations of state.
Antoine equation and vapor pressure correlations for hydrocarbons.
Gas hydrate formation temperature and inhibitor requirements.
Saturated water content in natural gas using McKetta-Wehe charts.
Cricondenbar, cricondentherm, and retrograde condensation behavior.
Gas hydrate formation temperature predictions and curves.
Methanol and glycol injection rate calculations for hydrate prevention.
API gravity conversions and specific gravity relationships.
Elevation corrections and barometric pressure calculations.
Mean pressure calculations for pipeline flow analysis.
Pressure base factor corrections for flow measurement.
Decline curve analysis and production forecasting.
Gas compressibility factor theory, Standing-Katz chart, pseudo-critical correlations, and sour gas corrections
Heating value fundamentals: combustion chemistry, GPA 2145 physical constants, HHV vs LHV, Wobbe Index, gas quality s...
Temperature drop: pipeline heat transfer, J-T cooling at pressure reduction, hydrate prediction, overall heat transfe...
Heat exchanger design, thermal calculations, and temperature effects
Shell and tube exchanger sizing, LMTD, and fouling factors.
Overall U-values and film coefficients for process heat transfer.
Pipeline expansion loops and anchor forces due to temperature changes.
Tank and pipe heating calculations using industry-standard methodology.
Radiant and convection section design per API 560, tube wall temperature, and thermal efficiency.
Indirect fired, direct fired, and bath heater fundamentals for gas processing applications.
Kettle, thermosiphon, and forced circulation reboiler design with LMTD and critical heat flux.
Orifice meters, flow calculations, and measurement accuracy
Orifice plate sizing per AGA Report No. 3 and ISO 5167.
Design principles for low pressure loss flow measurement per ISO 5167-4.
Actual and standard velocity calculations for gas flow systems.
Cv calculation per ISA/IEC 60534 for gas and liquid service.
Restriction orifice sizing for liquid drains and blowdown.
Custody transfer measurement for NGL products per Enterprise Products methodology.
Resistance coefficients and equivalent lengths for pipe fittings.
Propane-air mixing ratios and BTU value adjustments.
Gas measurement fundamentals: orifice meters (AGA 3), turbine meters (AGA 7), ultrasonic meters (AGA 9), Coriolis met...
Coriolis meter fundamentals for measurement and instrumentation engineers.
Custody transfer measurement uncertainty fundamentals: ISO 5168 methodology, AGA 3/7/9 metering standards, root-sum-s...
Gas chromatograph calibration fundamentals for custody transfer: GC operating principles (TCD/FID), calibration gas s...
Meter proving fundamentals: prover types, meter factor calculation, repeatability criteria, Grubbs outlier test, prov...
Meter prover sizing fundamentals: pipe prover design, small volume provers, meter factor calculation, volume correcti...
Tank gauging fundamentals: strapping table methods, innage and outage measurement, CTL and CPL temperature and pressu...
Turbine meter fundamentals: operating principles, AGA Report No.
Two-phase flow correlations, liquid holdup, and wellbore hydraulics
Multiphase flow regimes, liquid holdup, and pressure drop calculations.
Vertical multiphase flow correlation for well tubing.
Horizontal two-phase flow and pressure gradient calculations.
Condensate well vertical flow pressure drop calculations.
Area classification, emissions calculations, equipment spacing, and regulatory compliance
Equipment spacing, setback distances, and plot plan design per DOT CFR 192.
Emergency shutdown valve placement, logic design, and fail-safe requirements.
Class I Division 1/2 hazardous area classification per API RP 500/505.
Pig launcher and receiver sizing, barrel dimensions, and pigging operations.
Valve selection, branch connections, and piping layout per ASME B31.8 and B31.3.
Emission calculations, PTE thresholds, and permit requirements for gas facilities.
Go/No-Go audit tool for station spacing, ESD, noise, and safety compliance.
PFD and P&ID symbols, ISA S5.1 instrument identification, and documentation standards.
Electrical area classification fundamentals: API RP 500/505 hazardous area extent, NEC Article 500/505, Class I Divis...
Branch reinforcement fundamentals: ASME B31.3 area replacement method, reinforcement pad design, integrally reinforce...
Electrical cable sizing fundamentals: NEC ampacity tables, voltage drop calculations, temperature and conduit fill de...
Equipment spacing fundamentals: API 2510, NFPA 30, fire exposure distances, minimum separation requirements for compr...
Hydrostatic testing fundamentals: ASME B31.3 and B31.8 test pressure calculations, temperature correction factors, te...
Major source threshold fundamentals: CAA Title V permitting, PSD thresholds, HAP emissions, criteria pollutant calcul...
Noise propagation fundamentals: sound pressure and power levels, distance attenuation, barrier insertion loss, OSHA p...
PID tuning fundamentals: Ziegler-Nichols, Cohen-Coon, IMC/Lambda tuning methods, process dynamics, controllability as...
Pig launcher and receiver sizing fundamentals: barrel diameter and length, closure types, kicker line sizing, pig tra...
Pipe rack loading fundamentals: dead, wind, and seismic load calculations per ASCE 7 and PIP STC01015.
Potential to emit (PTE) calculation fundamentals: maximum capacity assumptions, emission factor sources, enforceable ...
Pressure drop in piping fundamentals: Darcy-Weisbach equation, Moody diagram, friction factors, equivalent lengths, K...
Engineering unit conversions and common calculation fundamentals
SI to imperial unit conversions for engineering calculations.
Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin, and Rankine temperature conversions.
BTU, kWh, and joule conversions for energy calculations.
Natural gas volume to energy content conversions.
Hydrogen sulfide concentration unit conversions (ppm, grains, mg/m3).
Process efficiency analysis and optimization techniques.
Natural gas flow rate and volume unit conversions.
Engineering interpolation methods for table lookups.
Data extrapolation methods beyond measured ranges.
Process efficiency calculations and benchmarking.
District regulator sizing fundamentals: diversity factors, load estimation, Cv sizing, lockup and droop analysis, rel...
Excess flow valve fundamentals: operating principles, 49 CFR 192.383 federal mandate, EFV sizing methodology, install...
Instrument air system design fundamentals: ISA 7.0.01 air quality, compressor sizing, desiccant dryer selection, rece...
Gas regulator station design fundamentals: Cv sizing, pressure regulation, relief valve requirements, noise control, ...
Gas service line sizing fundamentals: Weymouth and Spitzglass equations, pipe material selection, fitting equivalent ...
Town border station design fundamentals: TBS layout, pressure regulation, Joule-Thomson cooling, metering, odorizatio...
Welding, coatings, bolting, and construction calculations
ASME B16.5 flange bolting, torque, and gasket seating requirements.
Electrode consumption and welding material requirements.
Pipeline tape coating material and application calculations.
Piping material selection for corrosive and sour service.
Blind flange (skillet) thickness calculations per ASME.
Foundation and equipment pad concrete volume calculations.
Nitrogen pressure testing procedures and volume calculations.
Material tensile strength and allowable stress calculations.
Corrosion rate calculations and remaining life assessment.
CO2 corrosion fundamentals: de Waard-Milliams model derivation, carbonic acid chemistry, FeCO3 protective scale forma...
Cathodic protection fundamentals for buried pipelines.
Cathodic protection rectifier fundamentals: rectifier types (TRU, switch-mode, solar), sizing calculations, output vo...
CP survey fundamentals: cathodic protection principles, pipe-to-soil potential measurement, -850 mV criterion, IR dro...
Gas migration and methane detection fundamentals: leak classification (Grade 1/2/3), detection methods (FID, catalyti...
Pipeline leak detection fundamentals: CPM system design per API 1130, mass/volume balance, RTTM, acoustic and fiber o...
Welding preheat fundamentals for pipeline and welding engineers.
Tank volume calculations, storage design, and liquid handling
Cryogenic NGL recovery processes, refrigeration systems, and lean oil absorption fundamentals
GSP, CRR, and ISS process configurations for deep cryogenic ethane recovery.
Turboexpander and refrigeration processes optimized for C₃+ recovery with ethane rejection.
Multi-stage refrigeration theory, interstage temperature optimization, and COP analysis.
Column design fundamentals for lean oil absorption plant rich-oil processing.
NGL stripping from lean oil with steam stripping and reboiler heat integration.
Pure component and mixture phase transitions, Clausius-Clapeyron equation applications.
Learn chiller sizing for NGL recovery systems.
Economizer fundamentals in cryogenic NGL recovery: Joule-Thomson positioning, feed-effluent heat exchange, cold box d...
Hot oil flash fundamentals: absorption oil regeneration, flash drum design, lean oil circulation, rich oil heating, a...
Column design, product specifications, and liquid treating for NGL fractionation trains
NGL train positioning, FUG shortcut method, pressure selection, and tray hydraulics.
Relative volatility, column design, condenser system, and HD-5 propane specifications.
Butane/gasoline separation design, nC₄/iC₅ key pair, and column optimization.
Close-boiling iC₄/nC₄ separation challenges, high tray counts, and structured packing.
GPA 2140 specifications, HD-5 propane, testing methods, and product quality standards.
Caustic washing, water washing, Merox, and amine treating for NGL products.
Molecular sieve, activated carbon, and mercury removal for NGL purification.
Project economics, investment analysis, and operating cost calculations
Net present value calculations and discount rate analysis.
Internal rate of return and payback period calculations.
Fuel cost comparison for compressor driver selection.
Mercaptan injection rates and odorant concentration calculations.
Odorizer calibration and flow rate settings.
Simple and discounted payback period calculations.
Facility operating cost estimation and benchmarking.
FERC cost-of-service methodology, rate base, WACC, and tariff structure for interstate pipelines.