29 engineering guides for pressure relief, emergency systems, and process safety
Pressure relief valve sizing fundamentals: API 520/521 sizing equations, orifice selection, correction factors, fire relief, and installation requirements.
PSV inlet pressure loss fundamentals: API 520 Part II 3% rule, chatter mechanism, Darcy-Weisbach pressure drop, Crane TP-410 equivalent length, and inlet piping best practices.
PSV header design: API 521 methodology, pressure drop calculations, sizing for multiple relief scenarios, backpressure limits, and ASME Section VIII requirements.
Fire relief: API 521 fire case calculations, wetted area, heat input, and relief valve sizing for fire exposure.
Runaway reaction relief: DIERS methodology, two-phase venting, vent sizing for reactors, API 520 Part II, and emergency relief system design.
Tank vent sizing fundamentals: API 2000 methodology, thermal breathing, blow-by scenarios, and emergency fire case calculations for atmospheric storage tanks.
Blowdown systems: API 521 depressuring, orifice sizing, low-temperature design, and emergency isolation.
Blowdown time calculations: depressuring rates, API 521 methods, choked flow analysis, and two-phase blowdown for emergency depressurization design.
Depressurizing systems: emergency depressurization design per API 521, blowdown valve sizing, fire case analysis, and flare system integration.
Gas rate time calculations: gas inventory, fill time, blowdown timing, and line pack operations.
Emergency Shutdown (ESD) system design fundamentals: valve placement, logic design, fail-safe requirements per DOT 49 CFR 192, and compressor station safety.
Emergency shutdown valve fundamentals: ESD valve design per IEC 61511, actuator selection, partial stroke testing, SIL-rated valve assemblies, and fail-safe design.
Flare disposal system design: header sizing, knockout drum design, API RP 521 methodology, Mach number limits, and Souders-Brown velocity calculations.
Flare radiation analysis: API RP 521 limits, point source model, and safe separation distances.
Flare backpressure calculations: API 521 limits, relief valve capacity effects, header pressure drop, and network hydraulic analysis.
Consequence modeling fundamentals: gas dispersion, thermal radiation, overpressure, and HCA determination per API 521, CCPS, TNO Yellow Book, and 49 CFR 192.
Gas leak rate calculations: orifice equations, choked vs unchoked flow, API 581 hole size categories, dispersion modeling, and emergency response planning.
Jet fire radiation fundamentals: flame length correlations, thermal radiation models, wind tilt effects, and safe separation distances per API 521 and Shell FRED methodology.
Pool fire modeling fundamentals: burning rate regression, Thomas flame height, Mudan & Croce thermal radiation, view factor geometry, and safe separation distances.
BLEVE fireball fundamentals: boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions, fireball correlations per CCPS and TNO, thermal radiation modeling, and safe separation distances.
Combustion and flammability fundamentals: LEL/UEL limits, Le Chatelier's mixing rule, stoichiometric combustion, flame propagation, and auto-ignition per NFPA 68/69.
Fire water demand fundamentals: NFPA 15 water spray design, deluge system sizing, wetted area calculations, fire pump selection, and water storage for gas plants.
Atmospheric dispersion modeling: Gaussian plume model, Pasquill-Gifford stability classes, Briggs plume rise, GEP stack height, and EPA SCREEN3 methodology.
HAZOP methodology: guide word technique, process deviation analysis, risk ranking, and IEC 61882 compliance for systematic hazard identification.
Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA): Independent Protection Layers, Probability of Failure on Demand, SIL determination, and IEC 61511 functional safety.
SIL verification fundamentals: IEC 61508/61511 compliance, PFD calculation methods, proof test interval optimization, SIF architecture selection, and common cause failure.
GHG emissions fundamentals for midstream oil and gas: EPA Subpart W reporting, emission factors, calculation methodologies, GWP values, and methane reduction.
Fugitive emissions fundamentals: LDAR program design, EPA Method 21 monitoring, optical gas imaging, NSPS OOOOa/OOOOb, and leak detection best practices.
Pneumatic device emissions fundamentals: EPA NSPS OOOOa/OOOOb requirements, device classifications, emission factors, instrument air conversion, and monitoring.
All pressure relief per API 520/521 and ASME Section VIII
Methods per CCPS, TNO Yellow Book, and SFPE Handbook
Functional safety per IEC 61508 and IEC 61511