Produced Water & Disposal Fundamentals

8 engineering reference guides for produced water treatment theory, oil-water separation correlations, deep-well disposal design, and water-quality chemistry — the theory backing the calculators.

8 engineering guides · theory & standards · API 12J · API 421 · Stokes · Stiff-Davis · Oddo-Tomson

Engineering tools spanning CPI corrugated plate separator sizing, hydrocyclone de-oiling, DAF/IGF flotation design, skim tank retention and Stokes settling, walnut shell filter backwash and loading rates, SWD well injectivity and Hall plot analysis, scale prediction via Stiff-Davis and Oddo-Tomson methods, and comprehensive produced water ion balance and quality assessment.

Primary Oil-Water Separation Fundamentals

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CPI / API Oil-Water Separator Fundamentals

Stokes / API 12J / Hazen

Corrugated plate interceptors with Stokes rising-velocity verification, Reynolds-number laminar check, and API 12J gravity retention.

CPI API 12J Stokes
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Hydrocyclone De-Oiling Fundamentals

Colman & Thew / Plitt

Liquid-liquid hydrocyclone d50 cut size, sharpness index, pressure drop, and pump horsepower per vendor-adapted Colman-Thew and Plitt correlations.

Hydrocyclone D50 De-Oiling
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DAF / IGF Flotation Fundamentals

WEF MOP-8 / API 421

Dissolved and induced gas flotation sizing with A/S ratio, saturation pressure, recycle rate, and hydraulic loading for produced water polishing.

DAF IGF API 421
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Skim Tank / API Separator Fundamentals

Stokes / Hazen / 40 CFR 435

Horizontal, vertical, and cylindrical skim tank sizing with Stokes settling, Hazen retention, and EPA 40 CFR 435 oil-and-grease discharge compliance.

Skim Tank API Separator EPA

Polishing & Disposal Fundamentals

Walnut Shell Filter Fundamentals

NACE SP0775 / API 421

Polishing-stage walnut-media filter: vessel area, bed depth, backwash rate and event volume, media inventory, and cycle-average oil-removal efficiency.

Polish Backwash

SWD Well Injectivity Fundamentals

40 CFR 144-148 UIC Class II / Hall 1963

Saltwater-disposal well surface pressure: Darcy radial inflow, hydrostatic, Haaland friction, frac-gradient safety check, and Hall-plot injectivity index.

UIC Class II Hall Plot

Water Chemistry & Quality Fundamentals

Scale Prediction Fundamentals

Stiff-Davis 1952 / Oddo-Tomson / NACE TM0374

Stiff-Davis SSI (CaCO3) plus BaSO4/CaSO4/SrSO4 saturation ratios at field T/I; charge-balance QA, BaSO4 mass projection, and tiered inhibitor recommendation.

Stiff-Davis BaSO4 / CaSO4

Ion Balance & Water Quality Fundamentals

API RP 45 / USDA Ayers-Westcot

meq/L charge-balance closure, TDS classification (fresh/brackish/brine), CaCO3 hardness, EC, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) for irrigation reuse screening.

Charge Balance SAR / TDS