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Membrane Biogas Upgrading Sizing

Polyimide / CA / PSF · Baker 3e · GPSA 14e §17 · 40 CFR 80.1426 · LCFS slip CO₂e

Specific-area membrane sizing
Sizes a polymer hollow-fiber membrane unit (Evonik SEPURAN / Air Liquide MEDAL / Cynara / Permea-class) for upgrading raw biogas to pipeline-quality RNG (≥96% CH₄). Membrane area uses empirical specific-area model × permeance/selectivity/pressure correction factors. Methane slip CO₂e (CARB LCFS pathway-CI driver) accounts for off-gas combustion efficiency. Multi-stage with permeate recycle is standard above ~95% purity.

Feed Biogas

scfm
%
%
°C
psig

Membrane & Pressure

GPU
1 GPU = 1 × 10⁻⁶ cm³(STP)/(cm²·s·cmHg). Modern PI 80–150, Adv-PI 100–200, CA 50–80, PSF 5–15.
Industrial target 20–30; SEPURAN G5X up to 50.
psig
Industry typical 100–160 psig (~7–11 bar).
psia

Configuration & Recovery

%
Auto-set by config: single 90% / two-stage 97% / three-stage 99.3%.
%
%

Costs & Power

$/m²
CA $150 / PSF $100 / PI $250 / Adv-PI $350 (2024–26 mid-range).
years
%
%
$/kWh

Engineering Basis

  • Specific-area sizing: A = A_base × stage_factor × (100/permeance_GPU) × (30/α)^0.5 × (9 bar/P_feed). Empirical not rigorous module integration.
  • A_base for polyimide 100 GPU / α=30 / 9 bar: single 30 / two-stage 55 / three-stage 90 m²/(Nm³/h biogas).
  • Permeance defaults: CA 60 / PSF 8 / PI 100 / Adv-PI 130 GPU.
  • Recovery defaults: single 90% / two-stage 97% / three-stage 99.3% (Evonik SEPURAN G5X claims 99.8%).
  • Methane slip CO₂e: major CARB LCFS pathway-CI driver — three-stage essentially required for LCFS-credit dairy/landfill projects.
  • Multi-stage with recycle required above ~95% purity (single-stage has negative DP at retentate end).
  • Standards: Baker "Membrane Technology" 3e, GPSA 14e §17, Evonik / Air Liquide tech literature, 40 CFR 80.1426, CARB LCFS §95488, IPCC AR6.

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