GPSA · ASHRAE · Campbell
COP = Qevap / Wcomp
Carnot COP = Tevap / (Tcond - Tevap)
Compression Ratio Limits:
• Single-stage: r < 6-8
• Two-stage recommended if r > 5
• Max discharge temp: 250°F
References:
GPSA 14th Ed · ASHRAE 2021
Complete guide to refrigeration cycles, propane/ethylene systems, COP calculations, and cascade refrigeration.