💥

Occupied Building Explosion Siting Calculator

Blast-overpressure screening — API RP 752 Appendix C

How far from an explosion hazard must an occupied building sit?
API RP 752 answers this with a consequence study, not a table. This tool screens it: it models the vapour-cloud-explosion overpressure vs. distance (TNT-equivalence + Kinney-Graham blast curve) and compares against the API RP 752 Appendix C building-damage thresholds — returning a screening distance and, at a proposed location, the overpressure, damage level, and verdict. Screening only — not a full siting study.

Explosion Source (vapour cloud)

The credible flammable mass within the cloud (from a release / dispersion analysis).

fraction

VCE yields are typically 0.02–0.10 (Crowl & Louvar). Higher is more conservative.

Occupied Building (API RP 752 Appendix C)

Sets the collapse / damage overpressure used to judge the location.

Proposed Location (optional)

ft

Enter to get the overpressure, damage level, and pass / study / relocate verdict at that location.

What this tool does — and doesn't

  • Screening only. This is the explosion-overpressure step of an API RP 752 evaluation — a full study also covers fire radiation, toxic release, fragments, escalation, and occupancy/risk.
  • Overpressure uses TNT-equivalence (Crowl & Louvar) with the Kinney-Graham blast curve; vulnerability thresholds are API RP 752 Appendix C. RP 752 itself does not prescribe the blast model.
  • For a congested-area VCE, the TNO Multi-Energy method (CCPS Guidelines) is more representative and is recommended for the detailed study.
  • Results hinge on the credible flammable mass and yield — confirm both with a release / dispersion analysis. Consult a qualified process-safety engineer.

Standards & References

  • API RP 752
    Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant Buildings — Appendix C overpressure vs. building/occupant vulnerability
  • API RP 753
    Portable buildings (companion to RP 752)
  • Crowl & Louvar
    Chemical Process Safety — TNT-equivalence VCE method
  • Kinney & Graham (1985)
    Explosive Shocks in Air — TNT blast curve
  • CCPS Guidelines
    VCEs, Flash Fires & BLEVEs — TNO Multi-Energy (detailed method)

Frequently Asked Questions

How far should an occupied building be from an explosion hazard?

API RP 752 does not give a fixed distance — it requires a consequence-based evaluation. This tool screens the distance by modelling the vapour-cloud-explosion overpressure versus distance (TNT-equivalence with the Kinney-Graham blast curve) and comparing it against API RP 752 Appendix C building-damage thresholds. The 1.0 psi contour is the common occupied-building screening distance.

What overpressure damages an occupied building?

Per API RP 752 Appendix C: onset of damage is about 0.2 psi, an unreinforced masonry building collapses near 1.5 psi, a metal pre-engineered building collapses above 5 psi, and a reinforced-concrete shear-wall building near 6 psi. Building collapse implies roughly a 0.6 probability of occupant fatality.

What is TNT equivalence for a vapour cloud explosion?

TNT equivalence converts the flammable mass in a cloud to an equivalent TNT charge: W_TNT = yield × mass × heat of combustion / 4686 kJ/kg. The overpressure at a distance is then read from the TNT blast curve. VCE yields are typically 2 to 10 percent; higher is more conservative.

Is this a complete facility siting study?

No. This is the explosion-overpressure screening step only. A full API RP 752 siting study must also address fire radiation, toxic release, fragments and missiles, escalation, and occupancy/risk. The TNO Multi-Energy method is recommended for the detailed congested-VCE analysis.