📐

Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA)

Surface-crack FAD Level 2A · BS 7910 / API 579 · 49 CFR 192.624(c)(3)/192.632

Engineering Critical Assessment — FAD Level 2A
Failure Assessment Diagram screen for a semi-elliptical axial surface crack using the BS 7910:2019 / API 579-1 (2021) Level-2A curve, Newman-Raju K, and the BS 7910 reference-stress solution. SI units (mm, MPa, MPa√m).
⚠ Safety-critical — screening ECA only. Single axial surface flaw, deepest point, fw=1, ρ=0 unless supplied. Includes an axial-flaw Folias bulging magnification and the Newman-Raju bending term (for high c²/Rt confirm K with the full BS 7910 Annex M / API 579 Part 9 cylinder solution); excludes fatigue growth, embedded/circumferential flaws, and weld mismatch. Not for safety case submission, regulatory filing, or formal engineering critical assessment without SME review — use Crackwise / API 579 software for ECA of record.

Geometry & Loading

mm
mm
MPa
MPa
MPa

Flaw & Material

mm
mm
MPa
MPa
MPa√m

Engineering Basis

  • KI = Pm·F·√(πa/Q) — Newman-Raju (1981) semi-elliptical surface crack, deepest point (φ=90°), Q = 1+1.464(a/c)1.65.
  • Reference stress σref = [Pb+√(Pb²+9(Pm·Mbulge)²(1−α)²)]/[3(1−α)²], α = (a/t)/(1+t/c) — BS 7910:2019 surface flaw, with the membrane stress carrying the same axial-cylinder bulging Mbulge as K (a flaw lowers the cylinder limit load → raises Lr).
  • FAD Level-2A: Kr = (1−0.14Lr²)(0.3+0.7e−0.65Lr⁶); Lr,max = (σYU)/(2σY).
  • Point: Lr = σrefY, Kr = KI/Kmat + ρ. Acceptable if on/under the curve and Lr ≤ Lr,max.
  • Reserve factor = radial load multiplier to the FAD envelope (collapse-capped).
  • Standards: BS 7910:2019, API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 (2021) Part 9, Newman-Raju 1981, 49 CFR 192.624(c)(3)/192.632/192.712.