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Rich-Oil Demethanizer Calculator

GPSA Ch. 16

Rich-Oil Demethanizer Calculator
Sizes the demethanizer column in lean oil absorption plants. Strips dissolved methane and ethane from rich absorption oil to produce NGL-laden oil for fractionation. Calculates column diameter, tray count, reboiler duty, overhead gas rate, and stripping efficiency per GPSA Ch. 16.
GPSA Ch. 16 ASME VIII
Calculation Mode:
Design: Size rich-oil demethanizer column from rich oil flow, composition, and methane spec.

Rich Oil Feed

GPM
°F
g/mol
SCF/gal

Dissolved Gas Composition (mol%)

mol%
mol%
mol%
mol%

Column Parameters

psig
°F
mol%
%
in
%

Typical Rich-Oil Demethanizer Parameters

ParameterTypical Range
Column Pressure75–200 psig
Reboiler Temperature250–400°F
Theoretical Stages6–14
Tray Efficiency45–65%
C₁ in Bottoms Spec0.5–2.0 mol%
Dissolved Gas Loading3–15 SCF/gal

Engineering Basis

Column Diameter (Souders-Brown):

Uflood = CSB √[(ρL − ρV) / ρV]

Where CSB depends on tray spacing. Design velocity = Uflood × flood fraction. Column cross-section sized for overhead vapor traffic.

Function: The rich-oil demethanizer strips dissolved methane and ethane from absorber rich oil. Overhead vapors (primarily C₁/C₂) are returned to the absorber or fuel system. Bottoms (demethanized rich oil) proceed to the oil purification still for NGL recovery.

Design Guidelines

Heat Source Selection: Hot oil loops are most common for demethanizer reboilers. Steam heating is used where available. Direct-fired heaters require careful temperature control to prevent oil degradation above 450°F.
Oil Degradation: Keep reboiler temperature below 400°F for most absorption oils. Higher temperatures cause thermal cracking and increased oil loss.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does a rich-oil demethanizer do?

The rich-oil demethanizer strips dissolved methane and ethane from rich absorption oil to produce NGL-laden oil for downstream fractionation. It is a key column in lean oil absorption plants per GPSA Ch. 16.

How is demethanizer stripping efficiency calculated?

Stripping efficiency measures the percentage of dissolved methane removed from the rich oil. The calculator uses tray-by-tray equilibrium calculations to determine the required number of trays and reboiler duty for target methane removal.

What are typical operating parameters for a rich-oil demethanizer?

The calculator sizes columns based on typical parameters including rich oil flow rate, dissolved gas composition, column pressure, tray spacing, and reboiler temperature. Results include diameter, tray count, and overhead gas rate per GPSA Ch. 16.

What standards apply to demethanizer column design?

Rich-oil demethanizer columns are designed per ASME Section VIII for pressure containment and GPSA Ch. 16 for process sizing. The calculator estimates vessel weight based on column dimensions and design pressure.