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Vortex Breaker / Outlet Submergence

Equipment design · Anti-vortex submergence · ANSI/HI 9.8 (Hecker)

Liquid-Outlet Vortexing Check
Outlet Froude number, critical submergence to prevent gas pull-through, and a vortex-breaker recommendation. Per ANSI/HI 9.8 (Hecker).

Outlet

in
m³/h
m

Engineering Basis

  • Outlet velocity V = Q/((π/4)d²); Froude Fr = V/√(g·d).
  • Critical submergence Sc/d = 1 + 2.3·Fr (ANSI/HI 9.8).
  • Adequate if available submergence ≥ Sc; fit a vortex breaker regardless.
  • Standards: ANSI/HI 9.8 (Pump Intake Design) / Hecker 1987.