📊 Calculation Formulas
Buoyancy Force (Archimedes):
Fb = ρfluid × Vdisplaced
Where Vdisplaced = π × (ODcoated)² / 4
Net Buoyancy:
Fnet = Fb - Wtotal
Positive = floats, Negative = sinks
Submerged Weight:
Wsub = Wtotal - Fb
Must be positive for stability
DNV-RP-F109 Criterion:
Wsub ≥ 0.1 × Fb
10% negative buoyancy minimum
System Specific Gravity:
SGsys = Wtotal / (ρwater × Vdisplaced)
Should be > 1.1 for adequate stability
Water Density (NIST Kell):
ρ = [((((a×T+b)×T+c)×T+d)×T+e)×T+f] / (1+g×T)
Temperature-corrected, accurate to ±0.01%